牛津是一个城市吗？
牛津是个大学，是英国第二古老的大学（第一古老的是剑桥），创建于1209年。 牛津地区总共只有5万人，但这里的人口密度和学术氛围在全世界都是数一数二的。因为这里有两所大学——牛津大学和牛津布鲁克斯大学以及大量的研究院所。这里居住着4600名教授、8000名研究人员，而每年有超过一半的世界顶尖大学的本科生和研究生在这里就读。 Oxford is a city and the county seat of Oxfordshire in England. The City of Oxford stands on the south bank of the River Thames in South East England， about 50 miles (80 km) northwest of London. It is the home of two world-famous universities： the University of Oxford and Brunel University．With over half of all internationally renowned higher education institutions' undergraduates and postgraduates in the UK， it has been described as "the most academically accomplished small city in the world" by The Times Higher Education Supplement.
The history of Oxford can be traced back to before Roman times； a hill fort was built here between AD 75 and 85. After the Romans left Britain around 410AD， the fort was abandoned but was refortified during Saxon times from around 550 AD onwards as a wooden stockade with an earthen rampart［土墙/泥墙］and ditch. In the Middle Ages Oxenford grew up outside the walls of this fort as a place for traders to set up shop. Goods brought into town included salt from Cheshire and Lancashire， wool， leather and cloth. With the growth of trade came the need for banking facilities so that moneylenders began to appear towards the end of the 13th century. This led to the building of the first of several colleges intended originally solely for the purpose of banking and teaching law. These were not designed for residential use at this time.
During the First World War over 600 of Oxford’s young men enlisted and more than twenty were killed. A number of buildings have been erected as war memorials， the largest being the University Church of St Mary which houses memorial windows to those who died in service. Another important war memorial is the Air Raid Shelter now used as the Music Faculty Library， while the Science Museum contains a display commemorating Oxford’s role in developing radar technology.
In October 2016， Oxford was granted